Saturday, December 25, 2021

World War One History: The Unofficial Christmas Truce, 1914

The hare that brought hope to the trenches: British officer's WWI letter recounts moment wild animal leapt onto no-man's land and was chased by soldiers on both sides during famous Christmas Day truce

  • Letter from Scottish officer described how British and Germans chased hare in scene 'like a football match'
  • The impromptu game, which was won by the Germans, came during the famous Christmas Day Truce in 1914
  • The letter was discovered among a trove of other accounts in original copies of the Daily Mail 

They were the meetings that reminded British and German soldiers of their shared humanity in the midst of immense bloodshed.

Over the Christmas period in the first year of the First World War in 1914, widespread unofficial ceasefires saw the opposing sides cross trenches to talk, express festive good wishes, and even play football.

Now, a trove of accounts which have been discovered in original editions of the Daily Mail reveal just how far the temporary goodwill extended.

One incredible letter written by a Scottish officer described how, on Christmas Day, soldiers from opposing sides ended up competing to chase a hare which had 'burst into view' between the trenches.

Describing the scene as 'like a football match', the officer said the 'game' was 'won by the Germans', who 'captured the prize'.

Movingly, he added: 'But more was secured than a hare – a sudden friendship had been struck up, the truce of God had been called, and for the rest of Christmas Day not a shot was fired along our section.'

Another account, written by a German soldier to a British woman whom he lodged with before the war broke out, told how the two sides took photographs on the 'day of peace'.

He said the truce began when the Germans 'began singing and lighting candles' on Christmas Eve, before one British soldier accepted a 'challenge' to go to their trench and receive a bottle of wine.

In a third letter, a private told how the Germans seemed to be 'very nice chaps' and had told him they were 'awfully fed up' with the war.

An image gallery published on January 6, 1915, also revealed 'exclusive images of the unofficial Christmas truce'. They showed French and German troops meeting and exchanging gifts including bottles of champagne.  

They were the meetings which reminded British and German soldiers of their shared humanity in the midst of immense bloodshed. Over the Christmas period in the first year of the First World War in 1914, widespread unofficial ceasefires saw the opposing sides cross trenches to talk, express festive good wishes, and even play football. Now, a trove of accounts which have been discovered in original editions of the Daily Mail reveal just how far the temporary goodwill extended. Above: British and German troops during the 1914 truce 

An incredible letter (above) written by a British officer in the First World War describes how British and German soldiers competed to chase a hare which had 'burst into view' between the trenches on Christmas Day in 1914
Describing the scene as 'like a football match', the officer said the 'game' was 'won by the Germans', who 'captured the prize'

A trove of accounts of the 1914 Christmas truce between British and German soldiers in the First World War have been discovered in original copies of the Daily Mail. One incredible letter (above) written by a British officer described how, on Christmas Day, soldiers from opposing sides ended up competing to chase a hare which had 'burst into view' between the trenches. Describing the scene as 'like a football match', the officer said the 'game' was 'won by the Germans', who 'captured the prize'

The letter describing the chasing of the hare was published in the Daily Mail on New Year's Day in 1915.

Written by a Scottish officer, it began: 'Christmas will remain engraven on the memory of many British soldiers who were in our trenches here as one of the most extraordinary days of their lives.

'For on that day British and Germans ceased fighting with each other for an interval, came out into the open between their respective firing lines, buried their dead, and held a short service in their memory.'

The unnamed man told how unarmed Germans began to appear when British troops were holding a funeral service for fallen comrades in their trench.

He said his unit's commanding officer then got out of their trench to 'see for himself'.

To their 'amazement', their chaplain then crossed a ditch in No Man's Land and shouted: 'Does anyone speak English?'

This sketch by painter and soldier Gilbert Holliday, possibly drawn following the same 'hare hunt', shows British and German troops chasing a hare in No Man's Land in 1914

This sketch by painter and soldier Gilbert Holliday, possibly drawn following the same 'hare hunt', shows British and German troops chasing a hare in No Man's Land in 1914

An image gallery published on January 6, 1915, also revealed 'exclusive images of the unofficial Christmas truce'. They showed French and German troops meeting and exchanging gifts including bottles of champagne

An image gallery published on January 6, 1915, also revealed 'exclusive images of the unofficial Christmas truce'. They showed French and German troops meeting and exchanging gifts including bottles of champagne

As reply a private stepped forward, and then to our amazement we saw our chaplain cross the ditch, salute the German commander and his staff, begin to talk with them.

'Almost at the same time a hare burst into view and ran along between the trenches,' he continued.

'All at once Germans came scurrying from their trenches and British from theirs, and a marvellous thing happened.

Another account, written by a German soldier to a British woman whom he lodged with before the war broke out, told how the two sides took photographs on the 'day of peace'

Another account, written by a German soldier to a British woman whom he lodged with before the war broke out, told how the two sides took photographs on the 'day of peace'

'It was all like a football match, the hare being the football, the grey tunicked Germans the one side, and the kilted 'Jocks' the other.

'The game was won by the Germans, who captured the prize.'

Afterwards, the two sides picked up spades and 'by instinct each side set to dig graves for their dead.'

The Scottish officer then recounted how his commanding officer had been told by his German counterpart of how he had encountered a dying British soldier struggling to get a photograph of his wife from his pocket.

'He went up and helped the dying officer, and the thing in the pocket was a photograph of his wife,' he wrote.

The commander said: 'I held it before him, and he lay looking at it till he died a few minutes after.'

The officer finished his letter by poignantly saying: 'It was a memorable sight to see officers and men who had been fighting and as I write are fighting against one another as fiercely as ever, bareheaded, reverent, and keeping sacred truce as they did homage to the memory of the dead on Christmas Day, 1914.'

The German soldier who had been a lodger wrote to his landlady, a Mrs L M Marshall, of Canonbury, North London, to tell her that he had 'met your fellow countrymen' during the Christmas period.

The letter, published in the Daily Mail on January 6, 1915, reads: 'To-day – Christmas – I met your fellow countrymen. We took several photographs. It was a day of peace, and it was a great pleasure to me to wish them a merry Christmas.

'After the war, if I overlive it, I shall come to see you again.

'I think with pleasure of the nice Christmas-time we had together last year. Be sure this Christmas was extraordinary interesting for me. Notwithstanding the great hardships I have already had, I am quite well up.

'Many kind regards to you all. Yours very Truly, Karl.'

Published on January 4, 1915, the third letter mentioned was written by a private in the Queen's Westminsters – an infantry regiment in the Territorial Army.

The truces over Christmas in 1914 were reported at the time and have been popularly recounted ever since

The truces over Christmas in 1914 were reported at the time and have been popularly recounted ever since 

German soldiers are seen singing carols in their trench next to a Christmas Tree in 1914

German soldiers are seen singing carols in their trench next to a Christmas Tree in 1914

The Illustrated London News of January 9 1915 depicted the truce between German and British soldiers

The Illustrated London News of January 9 1915 depicted the truce between German and British soldiers

He said: 'It was a memorable day in the trenches on Christmas Day, as we had a truce with the enemy from eight o'clock on Christmas Eve.

'It still held good when we left on Boxing Day morning, as not a shot was fired, and we sneaked about until 5 a.m.

'For a change no lead flying about. We went up half way to shake hands and exchange greetings with them, and saw ten dead Germans in a ditch in front of the trench.

'We helped them to bury these, and could have had a helmet, only I did not fancy taking one off a corpse.

'They were snuffed one night, trying to get at our outpost trench some time ago.

'The Germans seem to be very nice chaps, and they said they were awfully fed up with it.

'The truce started in this way: The Germans began singing and lighting candles about 7.30 on Christmas Eve, and one of them challenged any one of us to go across for a bottle of wine.

'One of our fellows accepted the challenge.

'That set the ball rolling, and we were out of the trenches nearly all Christmas Day, collecting souvenirs.

'I am still keeping as fit as a fiddle. We are well clothes and fed and all that is required is a bit of luck to come through safely.'

Friday, December 24, 2021

Defense News: Allison to provide transmissions for IDF's Eitan future AFCs

 

Allison to provide transmissions for IDF's Eitan future AFCs


Allison Transmission received the first production order in September 2021, with deliveries expected to continue for multiple years

By Eyal Boguslavsky, Israel Defense,  21/12/2021


The Eitan APC, infantry squad carrier version. Photo by Dana Shraga, Israeli Ministry of Defense website

Allison Transmission, an American designer and manufacturer of conventional and electrified vehicle propulsion solutions for tactical wheeled and tracked defense vehicles, and medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles, announced last week that the Israeli Ministry of Defense selected the Allison 4800 Specialty Series™ (SP) transmission for their future 8-wheeled Eitan Armored Fighting Vehicle (AFV).

The Eitan (Hebrew for “strong”) will replace a portion of Israel’s aging fleet of M113 tracked armored personnel carriers. The development and production of the Eitan is being led by the Armored Vehicles Directorate at the Israeli Ministry of Defense. Three variants of the Eitan will be fielded – an armored personnel carrier (APC), a command vehicle and an infantry combat vehicle equipped with an unmanned turret and 30mm cannon.

Eitan 8x8 wheeled armoured vehicle,  The winds of change in Israel, Jul 9, 2021


Allison Transmission received the first production order in September 2021, with deliveries expected to continue for multiple years. The 4800 SP transmissions will be assembled within power packs by the vehicle’s power pack integrator - Rolls Royce Solutions America (Formerly MTU America).

According the company, the Allison 4800 SP model is currently featured in a number of other large 8 x 8 wheeled armored combat vehicles including the United States Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) and the Boxer AFV in use with several countries including Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The Allison 4800 SP is also used in the United States Army M1070A1 Heavy Equipment Transporter (HET) and M1300 Enhanced Heavy Equipment Transporter System (EHETS) tractor.



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Tsunamis' Magnetic Fields Can Be Detected Before Sea Levels Change

DAVID NIELD, 23 DECEMBER 2021

(Kittisun Kittayacharoenpong/Moment/Getty Images)

Seconds count when it comes to tsunami alerts, and scientists may have found a warning sign that can be detected even earlier than sea level rises: the magnetic fields created by these gigantic rushes of waves.

Even though the difference might only be a minute or two, that can save lives. Magnetic field data could be incorporated into tsunami prediction and warning systems in the future, giving communities in danger more time to prepare and take evasive action.

While scientists have previously predicted that magnetic field disruption might be a useful factor in tsunami warning systems through the use of simulations, this disruption hasn't been measured alongside sea level increases during real world tsunami events.

"It is very exciting because in previous studies we didn't have the observation [of] sea level change," says geophysicist Zhiheng Lin, from Kyoto University in Japan.

"We have observations [of] sea level change, and we find that the observation agrees with our magnetic data as well as theoretical simulation."

The team looked at the collected data from two tsunamis: a tsunami in Samoa in 2009, and a tsunami in Chile in 2010.

The numbers confirmed that the magnetic field generated by the conductive waves of a tsunami arrives before the waves themselves, and that the field can be used to predict wave height.

How much earlier the magnetic field can be detected depends on the water depth, the researchers found: with a 4,800-meter (3-mile) deep sea, it's about a minute. Changes in wave height of just a few centimeters can be detected, the researchers report.

Both the vertical and horizontal variations in the tsunami magnetic field can inform predictions of sea level change, according to the study. However, the underlying models need to have good estimates of ocean depths and the electrical structure below the sea floor, which will affect the field readings.

"I think the practical goal would be if your ability to model tsunamis is so improved... you could come up with much better predictions of what areas might need to be warned [and] how badly it might hit certain places," says Neesha Schnepf, a researcher of geomagnetics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who wasn't involved in the study.

There is a problem though – not many observation stations are set up to record this type of magnetic field data. What's more, the readings only work in deep sea environments – where there's less background environmental noise – rather than in coastal regions.

The team behind the findings say that the additional information gleaned from more sophisticated observation stations, and more observation stations in general, would be worth the extra investment considering the devastation that tsunamis can cause.

What the findings give us is another tool in planning for and minimizing the disruption of natural disasters – and we already know the terrible consequences that can result when unstoppable waves of water hit the shore without warning.

"They did something that basically needed to be done," says Schnepf. "We've needed a study that compared the magnetic field data with the sea level change from the pressure data, and I'm pretty sure they're the first to really compare how well the sea level from magnetic field matches the sea level from pressure, so that's definitely very useful."

The research has been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.


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Thursday, December 23, 2021

The best space photos of 2021: Sparkling starfields to majestic nebula

By Michael Irving, December 20, 2021

A favorite subject of astronomy photographers, the Veil nebula is the remains of a massive star that exploded as a supernova roughly 10,000 years ago. This new Hubble image uses new processing techniques to highlight finer details.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, Z. Levay

The endless expanse of space is a beautiful and fascinating subject for photography. From the dramatic births and deaths of stars, to galactic glamor shots and planetary close-ups, here are some of the most breathtaking space photos of 2021.

Stars are born in stellar nurseries – clouds of dust and gas that collapse under their gravitational pull and ignite – and this dynamic process is a favorite subject of telescopes like Hubble, for their contrast of bright young stars and dark clouds. In the prime of their lives, stars can gather in clusters, and these sparkling starfields also make for stunning shots. And finally, millions of years later, star deaths are just as photogenic, producing sublime nebulae that allow us to project our imaginations onto their ambiguous shapes. Zooming out, galaxies cluster together as well, bending the mind with their immense scale.

Other images have more historic impact. This year, astronomers released a new view of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the galaxy M87, complete with measurements of its polarization, revealing the twists and turns of its magnetic field. In February, NASA’s Perseverance rover touched down on Mars, with a jetpack-mounted camera capturing the moment the wheels hit the red soil.

The Milky Ring by Zhong Wu won the Galaxies category of the Royal Observatory Greenwich’s Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition for 202
1. The image was stitched together from 1,000 shots of the Milky Way taken from China and New Zealand.
Zhong Wu

And of course, some of the best shots come courtesy of the Royal Observatory Greenwich’s Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition. Chinese photographer Zhong Wu won the Galaxies category with an image called The Milky Ring, stitched together from 1,000 shots of the Milky Way taken from China and New Zealand – meaning it was captured from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Come and explore the cosmos with us in our gallery.


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Wednesday, December 22, 2021

Defense News:

 

Aircraft carrier Bush conducts first at-sea MQ-25 unmanned tanker demo



https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2021/12/21/aircraft-carrier-bush-conducts-first-at-sea-mq-25-unmanned-tanker-demo/



Boeing employees run diagnostics on the MQ-25 on the flight deck of the aircraft carrier George H.W. Bush. (MC3 Brandon Roberson/U.S. Navy)


WASHINGTON — Aircraft carrier George H.W. Bush has spent the past two weeks showing off the future of naval aviation, hosting the U.S. Navy’s first MQ-25A Stingray unmanned tanker for an at-sea demonstration and conducting that carrier’s first F-35C Joint Strike Fighter flight operations.


The service announced Dec. 20 it had completed an unmanned carrier aviation demonstration, installing a ground control station on the ship and proving the UAV could integrate into that carrier environment: on a pitching flight deck, with the operator following the hand signals of the aircraft handlers, and with ship-based operators maintaining connectivity even while the drone is midair and away from the carrier.


For the demonstration, a prototype MD-5 ground control station was installed in what is being called an Unmanned Aviation Warfare Center, a first-of-its-kind control room that would be set up on carriers to support MQ-25 operations, according to a news release. The team in this control room would coordinate the drone’s missions as well as its approaches to the ship during landing.

MQ-25 Completes First U.S. Navy Carrier Tests, Boeing, Dec 20,2021


The Boeing-owned T1 test vehicle then conducted day and night operations at sea, including taxiing and parking on the flight deck, connecting to the catapult, and clearing out of the landing area.


In addition to the team in the control room, MQ-25 “deck operators” used Boeing’s handheld Deck Control Device during these maneuvers, working alongside Navy taxi directors and converting the sailors’ directions into corresponding inputs for the MQ-25.


“Early testing allowed our team the opportunity to evaluate many new systems for the first time at sea with T1,” Capt. Chad Reed, unmanned carrier aviation program manager, said in the Navy news release. “Our initial look at taxi operations on the flight deck successfully demonstrated the MQ-25′s ability to maneuver just like a manned aircraft in the shipboard environment.”


Though T1 did not take off or land on the ship yet, a surrogate aircraft was used to test the hardware and software associated with the Joint Precision Landing System installed on aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships to guide F-35Cs and F-35Bs for safe landings. The system will be integrated into the MQ-25 as well as Navy and Marine Corps variants of the V-22 Osprey.


“There is no better way to determine the success of a carrier aircraft design and its integration into the air wing then to put that new aircraft through testing at sea,” Reed said in the news release. “It’s an exciting time as we progress toward the air wing of the future.”


MQ-25 will conduct aerial refueling for other aircraft in this air wing of the future, including the F/A-18E-F Super Hornet, the F-35C, the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye and the EA-18G Growler. The first of that “air wing of the future” configuration, minus the MQ-25, is on deployment now aboard carrier Carl Vinson in the Pacific.



While several other carriers have operated the F-35 by now, the Bush has not. It spent 30 months in a deep maintenance period at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Virginia, leaving the yard in late August and conducting a range of trials and fleet activities since.


On Dec. 12, those activities included hosting carrier qualifications for Strike Fighter Squadron 125 — the F-35C fleet replacement squadron that trains up new Joint Strike Fighter pilots — giving the ship’s crew members a first look up close at the jet and the capability it will bring to their air wing.



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